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Books Frontpage L'onze de setembre
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Features:

  • Pages: 230
  • Edition Date: 2007
  • Edition: 15092007
  • Language: Catalán.
  • Binding: Tapa blanda o Bolsillo - Con solapas.
  • Weight: 0,80 kg.
  • L'onze de setembre

  • 9788472460799
  • Authors: Ròmul Brotons [Heredero], Ròmul Brotons [Heredero], Santiago Albertí [Editor], R?Mul Brotons [Heredero], Santiago Albert? [Editor]

  • The current work applies the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method, an environmental management tool that evaluates the potential environmental impacts of a product or process throughout its entire life cycle, to the cement manufacture in Spain. As a result, main hotspots such as the combustion of fossil and alternative fuels at the kiln have been identified and assessed in detail. Moreover, various technology improvements such as Best Available Techniques (BAT), and material and fossil fuels substitution scenarios have been implemented. Results have revealed that changing the fossil fuels by alternative fuels derived from waste entails significant reductions in most of the impact categories except for eutrophication. In the same manner, to reduce the clinker content in cement diminishes most of the impacts. This measure shows more problems than fuel substitution because it requires substituting the clinker by secondary materials such as blast furnace slag, fly ashes and pozzolanas, at the same time that mechanical and chemical properties of the cement must be preserved. Going further, an exploratory analysis has been made including the CO2 capture technology in the Spanish cement-making. Results have shown the effects of the post-combustion CO2 capture. It has been observed that this technology is very expensive and most of the impact categories such as human toxicity, eutrophication, freshwater ecotoxicity, acidification, photochemical ozone formation and land use change grow by several times. The main problem is the extremely high amount of heat required - the energy penalty - so natural gas and biomass cogeneration (CHP) plants have been proposed as alternatives to substitute the coal-fired CHP plant. Consequently, more research is needed to reduce costs and emissions.
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